@article{95351,
  author = {Tod G. Hamilton and Tiffany; Green},
  title = {Intergenerational differences in smoking among West Indian, Haitian, Latin American, and African blacks in the United States},
  abstract = { <p>
	Due in large part to increased migration from Africa and the Caribbean, black immigrants and their descendants~are drastically changing the contours of health disparities among blacks in the United States. While prior studies~have examined health variation among black immigrants by region of birth, few have explored the degree of~variation in health behaviors, particularly smoking patterns, among first- and second- generation black~immigrants by ancestral heritage. Using data from the 1995{\textendash}2011 waves of the Tobacco Use Supplements of the~Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS), we examine variation in current smoking status among first-, second-,~and third/higher- generation black immigrants. Specifically, we investigate these differences among all black~immigrants and then provide separate analyses for individuals with ancestry from the English-speaking~Caribbean (West Indies), Haiti, Latin America, and Africa{\textemdash}the primary sending regions of black immigrants to~the United States. We also explore differences in smoking behavior by gender. The results show that, relative to~third/higher generation blacks, first-generation black immigrants are less likely to report being current~smokers. Within the first-generation, immigrants who migrated after age 13 have a lower probability of smoking~relative to those who migrated at or under age 13. Disparities in smoking prevalence among the first-generation~by age at migration are largest among black immigrants from Latin America. The results also suggest that~second-generation immigrants with two foreign-born parents are generally less likely to smoke than the third/higher generation. We find no statistically significant difference in smoking between second-generation~immigrants with mixed nativity parents and the third or higher generation. Among individuals with West~Indian, Haitian, Latin American, and African ancestry, the probability of being a current smoker increases with~each successive generation. The intergenerational increase in smoking, however, is slower among individuals~with African ancestry. Finally, with few exceptions, our results suggest that intergenerational gaps in smoking~behavior are larger among women compared to men. As additional sources of data for this population become~available, researchers should investigate which ancestral subgroups are driving the favorable smoking patterns~for the African origin population.
</p>
 },
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Social Science and Medicine: Population Health},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {305-317},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827317300198},
  language = {eng},
}